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CHAPTER II Cannabis Science 101
THC and CBD Formulation Spectrum
THC:CBD THC:CBD THC:CBD THC:CBD THC:CBD THC:CBD THC:CBD THC:CBD 25:1 to 100:1 10:1 to 25:1 5:1 to 10:1 4:1 1:4 1:5 to 1:10 1:10 to 1:25 1:25 to 1:100
THC Level CBD Level
¢ Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
¢ Anxiety
* Epilepsy
* Alzheimer’s disease : * Depression
° Anorexia ; anered ¢ Inflammation
¢ Appetite stimulant ) ie AIDS * Nervous system degeneration * Chronic pain ¢ Parkinson’s disease
: Min\e be : ¢ Post-traumatic stress disorder ¢ Multiple sclerosis (PTSD)
¢ Nausea ¢ Spasms
* Cachexia ¢ Cancer
The “entourage effect” refers to the overall user experience produced by the interactions among all active compounds in the cannabis plant. The various cannabinoids and terpenes in a particular can- nabis plant are believed to work synergistically with each other and with the human endocannabinoid system to create an effect very different from the effect any one compound would create. This phenom- enon may partially explain why different cannabis strains are used to treat diverse medical conditions.
There are several generally accepted examples of the entourage effect. CBD is believed to regulate the psychoactive effects of THC and reduce short-term memory loss, sleepiness and paranoia that may be caused by THC. Myrcene is understood to enable and hasten the psychoactive effect of THC by lowering resistance posed by the blood-brain barrier and increasing the THC saturation capacity of the CB1 receptors. Other terpenes have been shown to block endocannabinoid receptors in the brain while promoting bonding by endocannabinoid receptors located elsewhere in the body.
Many cannabinoid and terpene formulations developed for therapeutic applications are created by combining extracts from multiple cannabis strains, a process known as “Frankensteining.” Some believe Frankenstein formulations are less effective than formulations developed from a single strain because the natural balance of compounds in a single strain translates to a naturally balanced effect on the human body.
An understanding of entourage effects and how to effectively combine cannabinoids and terpenes is believed to be critical to the development of targeted cannabis therapies. Examples of cannabis-based therapies being developed with specific cannabinoid-terpene profiles include acne medication contain- ing CBD and limonene, linalool and pinene; antiseptic agents containing CBG and pinene; treatments
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